One way to increase the accuracy of eyewitness decisions was to develop a lineup technique that decreased the likelihood that witnesses would use a relative judgment strategy when viewing the lineup. As evidence mounted that many innocent people were selected from lineups, the use of a relative judgment strategy was posited as a possible explanation for the frequency of such errors. This would make it likely that the innocent suspect would be chosen by witnesses using the relative judgment strategy. In some portion of these occasions, the innocent suspect will look more like the criminal than other lineup members. However, evidence can lead police officers to suspect an innocent person. This comparative approach is referred to as a “relative judgment strategy.” If the guilty person is in the lineup, using relative judgments should lead to correct identification. Research suggests that simultaneous presentation encourages witnesses to choose the person in the lineup who looks most like the perpetrator. Traditionally, police investigators have used simultaneous lineup presentation. Thus, witnesses decide whether the criminal is present while looking at the entire lineup. Simultaneous presentation of a lineup involves showing a witness all the members of a lineup at once. Four outcomes are possible: The witness can select the suspect, select a filler, respond that the suspect is not in the lineup, or give a response of “don’t know.” Obviously, the accuracy of selections and rejections of suspects depends on whether the suspect is actually guilty. When a suspect is identified by a police investigator, the investigator may ask the witness to view that suspect in a lineup or photo array containing the suspect and others who are known to be innocent (referred to as fillers, foils, or distracters). By submitting an article, the author(s) certify that the article is their original work, that they have the right to submit the article for publication, and that they can grant the above license.Some crimes involve perpetrators who are strangers to the victims and to eyewitnesses. Manuscripts should be unpublished and not be under consideration for publication elsewhere. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. Authors grant the Austrian Journal of Statistics a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. The CC BY license permits commercial and non-commercial re-use of an open access article, as long as the author is properly attributed.Ĭopyright on any research article published by the Austrian Journal of Statistics is retained by the author(s). The Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY) allows users to copy, distribute and transmit an article, adapt the article and make commercial use of the article. The Austrian Journal of Statistics publish open access articles under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) License. On robustness of a sequential test for scale parameter of gamma and exponential distributions. Sequential analysis: Some classical problems and new challenges. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 139, 3842-3846. Robust multivariate Bayesian forecasting under functional distortions in the chi-square metric. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 4, 30-35. Performance and robustness analysis for sequential testing of hypotheses on parameters of Markov chains (in Russian). Statistical Methods of Estimation and Hypotheses Testing, 22, 35-42. Influence of distortions of the prior probability distribution to the sequential test characteristics for composite hypotheses. Austrian Journal of Statistics, 37, 51-60. Robustness evaluation in sequential testing of composite hypotheses. Austrian Journal of Statistics, 31, 267-277. On robustifying of the sequential probability ratio test for a discrete model under “contaminations”. Proceedings of the Belarusian State University(4), 92-96. An approach to performance analysis of the sequential probability ratio test for simple hypotheses. Group Sequential Methods with Applications to Clinical Trials. New York, Basel, Hong Kong: Marcel Dekker. Probability Theory and its Applications, 4, 86-93. Comparison of optimal properties of Neyman–Pearson and Wald tests.
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